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|common_name = Paraguay |image_flag = Flag of Paraguay.svg |flag_caption = Flag (obverse) |image_coat = Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg |symbol_type = |image_map = Paraguay (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = |national_anthem = |languages_type = Official languages〔 (see (translator's note ))〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=8 LIZCANO )〕 |official_languages = |demonym = Paraguayan |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2000 |capital = Asunción |latd=25 |latm=16 |latNS=S |longd=57 |longm=40 |longEW=W |largest_city = Asunción |government_type = Unitary presidential constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Horacio Cartes |leader_title2 = Vice President |leader_name2 = Juan Afara |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |legislature = Congress |upper_house = Chamber of Senators |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |area_rank = 60th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 406752 |percent_water = 2.3 |population_estimate = 7,012,433 |population_estimate_rank = 104th |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 17.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 39 |population_density_rank = 204th |GDP_PPP = $61.167 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Paraguay )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 100th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,716〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal = $30.754 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 99th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,382〔 |GDP_PPP_per_nominal_rank = |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 14 May 1811 |established_event2 = Recognized |established_date2 = 15 May 1811 |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = increase |Gini = 48.2 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.676 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 111th |currency = Guaraní |currency_code = PYG |country_code = PRY |time_zone = PYT |utc_offset = –4 |time_zone_DST = PYST |utc_offset_DST = –3 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +595 |cctld = .py |footnote_a = Mixed European and Amerindian. }} Paraguay (; ; (グアラニー語:Paraguái) (:paɾaˈɣwaj)), officially the Republic of Paraguay (, ), is a landlocked country in central South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as ''Corazón de América'' ("Heart of America").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Paraguay, corazón de América (1961) )〕 The indigenous Guaraní had been living in Paraguay for at least a millennium before the Spanish conquered the territory in the 16th century. Spanish settlers and Jesuit missions introduced Christianity and Spanish culture to the region. Paraguay was on the periphery of Spain's colonial empire, with few urban centers and settlers. Following independence from Spain in 1811, Paraguay was ruled by a series of dictators who generally implemented isolationist and protectionist policies. Following the disastrous Paraguayan War (1864–1870), the country lost 60 to 70 percent of its population through war and disease, and about of territory to Argentina and Brazil. Through the 20th century, Paraguay continued to endure a succession of authoritarian governments, culminating in the regime of Alfredo Stroessner, who led South America's longest-lived military dictatorship from 1954 to 1989. He was toppled in an internal military coup, and free multi-party elections were organized and held for the first time in 1993. A year later, Paraguay joined Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay to found Mercosur, a regional economic collaborative. As of 2009, Paraguay's population was estimated to be at around 6.5 million, most of whom are concentrated in the southeast region of the country. The capital and largest city is Asunción, of which the metropolitan area is home to nearly a third of Paraguay's population. In contrast to most Latin American nations, Paraguay's indigenous language and culture, Guaraní, remains highly influential. In each census, residents predominantly identify as mestizo, reflecting years of intermarriage among the different ethnic groups. Guaraní is recognized as an official language alongside Spanish, and both languages are widely spoken in the country. ==Etymology== The name of the river, ''Paraguay'', is thought to come from Guarani, derived from ''para'', "of many varieties", and ''gua'', "riverine". There is no consensus for the derivation or meaning of the name ''Paraguay,'' although many versions are very similar. The most common interpretations include: # "River which originates a sea" # ''Fray'' Antonio Ruiz de Montoya (1585–1652) said that it meant "river crowned." # The Spanish officer and scientist Félix de Azara (1746–1821) suggests two derivations: the Payaguas (Payaguá-ý", or "river of Payaguás"), referring to the Indian tribe who lived along the river, or a great chief named ''"Paraguaio."'' # The French-Argentine historian and writer Paul Groussac (1848–1929) argued that it meant "river that flows through the sea (''Pantanal'')." # The ex-president and Paraguayan politician Juan Natalicio González (1897–1966) said it meant "river of the habitants of the sea." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paraguay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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